Identity and Access Management (IAM) in the cloud refers to the systems and processes that manage how users can access resources and services in cloud environments. Essentially, IAM defines who can do what in the cloud. This means controlling user identities, their authentication (verifying who they are), and their authorization (granting permission to access specific resources). It ensures that only the right users have the appropriate access to the right resources in cloud platforms, maintaining security and compliance.
In cloud environments, IAM typically involves the creation and management of user accounts and roles. For example, a developer may need access to certain databases or storage resources, whereas a system administrator might require access to configure security settings. Using IAM, cloud providers allow organizations to create roles that aggregate certain permissions. For example, an "App Developer" role might allow access to development and testing environments without granting full access to production systems. This way, organizations can minimize overly broad access and reduce security risks.
IAM systems also support Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Single Sign-On (SSO) features to enhance security. MFA requires users to provide multiple forms of verification before accessing resources, making it harder for unauthorized users to gain access. SSO allows users to log in once and access multiple related services without needing to log in again, improving user experience while maintaining stringent security checks. These features are crucial for managing identities and ensuring that access to cloud resources is both secure and convenient.