Achieving diversity in search results involves presenting a variety of relevant documents that address different aspects of the query. IR systems can use diversity algorithms that consider multiple dimensions of relevance, such as content variety, sources, or perspectives.
One common technique is the use of re-ranking algorithms that adjust search results to include documents from different categories or viewpoints. For instance, for a query about “apple,” a diverse result set might include articles on both the fruit and the technology company.
Another method is to group search results into clusters based on similar topics, ensuring that each cluster offers unique content, which helps the system deliver a broader range of relevant documents.