Robots use force and torque sensors to measure the forces and moments that act on them during operation. These sensors help robots interact safely and effectively with their environment and perform tasks that require precision and adaptability. By collecting data about the forces they encounter, robots can adjust their movements and grip, leading to better control and improved performance in various applications, such as assembly, material handling, or robot-assisted surgery.
For instance, in industrial robotics, force sensors can be placed on the end effector of a robotic arm. This allows the robot to detect the amount of force exerted against the object it is manipulating. If the robot is trying to pick up a delicate item and applies too much force, the sensor will detect this and prompt the control system to reduce the grip force. This capability is essential for tasks that require a careful touch, such as assembling fragile components without breaking them. Similarly, torque sensors help in understanding how much rotational force is being applied, which is crucial when tightening screws or rotating parts with precise torque requirements.
Moreover, force and torque sensors enhance a robot's ability to perform in dynamic environments by enabling it to respond to unexpected changes. For example, in collaborative robots, these sensors ensure safe interactions with human workers by stopping or adjusting movements if excessive force is detected, preventing potential injuries. Overall, force and torque sensors play a vital role in the functionality and safety of robotic systems, allowing them to perform complex tasks with accuracy and care.