Agent communication technology in multi-agent systems (MAS) facilitates interaction between autonomous agents to achieve specific tasks or objectives. Each agent in the system can represent either a software entity, like a script or program, or a physical entity, like a robot. These agents communicate using predefined protocols, which define the rules and formats for message exchanges. A common standard for these interactions is the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA), which specifies various communication language structures, such as performatives (like requests or responses) and content that can include parameters or data needed for context.
Different communication techniques can be employed based on the needs of the agents and the environment in which they operate. For instance, agents may use direct communication methods, such as peer-to-peer connections, where they send messages directly to one another. Alternatively, they can use indirect methods, such as shared spaces or blackboards, where agents write messages that others can read at their convenience. An example of this might be agents in a distributed sensor network where one agent publishes a data point to a central database, and other agents subscribe to updates based on their specific requirements.
Effective communication is essential for coordination and collaboration among agents. Agents need to understand not only the content of the messages but also the intent behind them. For example, if one agent sends a request for resource allocation, the receiving agent must interpret this correctly to determine if it can fulfill the request. Furthermore, handling asynchronous communication, where agents operate at different speeds and may not always be available, presents additional challenges. Protocols like agent negotiation can help resolve conflicts and improve mutual understanding, allowing agents to work together more efficiently to achieve shared goals.